| Area of energy wood logging: (1000 ha/y) | |
| Area of energy wood logging. Energy wood is harvested 1) by collecting logging residues (branches and tops or branches, tops and stumps) from final fellings and 2) as whole trees or trunks from intemediate cuttings either integrated with roundwood logging or as separate energy wood logging | |
| Area of roundwood logging: (1000 ha/y) | |
| Area of commercial roundwood (saw logs and pulpwood) logging | |
| Biomass of total drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Total dry mass of 1) stems, branches, foliage, stumps and roots of trees felled in commercial or non-commercial cuttings and hauled for usage as sawn goods, pulp or energy or left on the ground to decompose and 2) stems, branches, foliage, stumps and roots of trees dead due to the natural mortality and left on the ground to decompose. Natural mortality consists of a random factor (storms, insects etc.) and a self-thinning factor due to the overdensity (Hynynen et al. 2002). The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf. biomasses of living trees). | |
| Branch and foliage biomass of cutting drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of branches and foliage of trees felled in commercial loggings and hauled for energy usage or left on the ground to decompose. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf branch and foliage biomass of living trees). | |
| Branch and foliage biomass of energy wood removal: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of branches and foliage harvested for energy wood usage. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf biomass of branches and foliage of living trees). | |
| Branch and foliage biomass of living trees: (1000 t) | |
| Total dry mass of branches (living and dead) and foliage (leaves/needles) of living trees. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) treewise models in which the independent variables are tree species, diameter at breast height and height. | |
| Branch and foliage biomass of total drain : (1000 t/y) | |
| Total dry mass of 1) branches and foliage of trees felled in commercial or non-commercial cuttings and hauled for energy usage or left on the ground to decompose and 2) branches and foliage of trees dead due to the natural mortality and left on the ground to decompose. Natural mortality consists of a random factor (storms, insects etc.) and a self-thinning factor due to the overdensity (Hynynen et al. 2002). The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf. biomass of branches and foliage of living trees). | |
| Branch and foliage volume of energy wood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Volume as solid cubic meter of branches and foliage harvested for energy wood usage. Solid cubic meter is calculated by transforming dry masses to volumes. | |
| Forest and poorly productive forest land available for wood : | |
| Forest land with no administrational limitations for wood production and forest land and poorly productive forest land with limited (not totally forbidden) wood production. | |
| Forest area: (1000 ha) | |
| Area (hectares) of forest land and poorly productive forest land calculated according to the land areas that NFI sample plots represent. | |
| Forest land: | |
| Land on which the potential average annual growth of stem wood including bark is at least 1,0 m3 per hectare. | |
| Greenhouse gas net emissions: (Mt CO2 –eq./year) | |
| Greenhouse gas emissions of forest land (growing stock and soil) consist of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) made CO2 equivalent with global warning potential (GWP) coefficients. The net CO2 emissions of growing stock (biomass) were calculated as the difference of carbon content between consequent states. The estimate of carbon was based on the biomasses (C =50 % of dry-matter) calculated with models of Repola (2008,2009). The changes in C stocks of soil were calculated on the basis of litter input from MELA. Yasso07 model (Tuomi et al. 2011) was used on mineral soils and on organic soils the change was calculated as the difference of peat decomposition and litter input (Lehtonen ym. 2016). The CH4- ja N2O- emissions on organic soils were estimated based on emission factors. All calculations have been done in the same way as in the Finnish greenhouse gas inventory (Statistics Finland 2019).
Regional soil carbon estimations were evaluated through the estimation of regional specific litter input through living trees (assessed from historical regional level timber volume levels in NFI10-NFI12), natural mortality (Ihalainen 2013), Korhonen et al. 2017), and timber harvest residues (estimated from yearly regional timber harvest quantities (Luke 2020a, 2020b)). | |
| Gross stumpage earnings: (million €/y) | |
| Gross stumpage earnings are calculated as a product of cutting removal (by timber assortments) and corresponding stumpage prices (by assortments and harvesting types). Used stumpage prices are realized averages of 2008–2017 deflated to the 2017. | |
| Increment: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Volume increment (incl. bark) is calculated by trees as stem volume differences between two states and summing up the treewise differences. | |
| Labor force: (1000 person-year) | |
| Foresty labor force includes workers needed according to the productivity models for harvesting and for silviculture work including planning and supervision without clerical employees. Note 1 person-year = 220 working days. | |
| Poorly productive forest land (scrub land): | |
| Land on which the potential average annual growth of stemwood including bark is 0,10-0,99 m3 per hectare. | |
| Pulpwood: | |
| Part of a stem which is suitable according to the Finnish timber assortment standards by size and quality for the manufacturing of pulp or other wood fiber products. | |
| Pulpwood cutting reserve: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Roundwood cutting reserve that fulfills the standards for pulpwood but not for saw logs (cf roundwood cutting reserve). Note: also the removal of roundwood sized energywood has been taken into account. | |
| Pulpwood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| The volume of the part of trees which fulfill the min. standards of pulpwood but not standards for saw log felled in commercial roundwood loggings and hauled to the road side (solid cubic meter incl. bark) . | |
| Roundwood cutting reserve: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Roundwood mature for commercial fellings according to the silvicultural recommendations for commercial fellings during the period in question but which for economical or sustainabilty reasons are postponed to the future periods. Roundwood cutting reserve consists of saw log reserve and pulpwood reserve. Note: also the removal of roundwood sized energywood has been taken into account. | |
| Roundwood sized energy wood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| The part of energy wood stem removal in thinnings that fulfills at least the minimum standards of pulpwood. Note that energy wood thinnings are implemented using guidelines that do not necessarily fulfill all the Finnish standards of pure roundwood thinning. | |
| Saw log: | |
| Part of a stem which is suitable according to the Finnish timber assortment standards by size and quality for the production of sawn goods. | |
| Saw log cutting reserve: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Roundwood cutting reserve that fulfills the standards for saw logs (cf roundwood cutting reserve). | |
| Saw log removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| The volume of the part of trees which fulfill the min. standards for saw logs felled in commercial roundwood loggings and hauled to the road side (solid cubic meter incl. bark). | |
| Stem biomass of cutting drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of stem wood (incl. bark) of trees felled in commercial loggings for saw logs, pulpwood or energy wood or left on the ground to decompose. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf stem biomass of living trees). | |
| Stem biomass of energy wood removal: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of stems (incl. bark) harvested for energy wood usage. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf biomass of stems of living trees). | |
| Stem biomass of living trees: (1000 t) | |
| Total dry mass of stem wood and stem bark from the stump height (1 % of of tree height) to the top of a tree. The dry masses are calculated using Repolas's (2008, 2009) treewise models in which independent variables are tree species, diameter at breast height and height. | |
| Stem biomass of roundwood removal: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of stems (incl. bark) harvested for saw logs or pulpwood. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf biomass of stems of living trees). | |
| Stem biomass of total drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Total dry mass of 1) stems of trees felled in commercial or non-commercial cuttings and hauled for usage as sawn goods, pulp or energy or left on the ground to decompose and 2) stems of trees dead due to the natural mortality and left on the ground to decompose. Natural mortality consists of a random factor (storms, insects etc.) and a self-thinning factor due to the overdensity (Hynynen et al. 2002). The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf. stem biomass of living trees). | |
| Stem volume: (1000 m3) | |
| Stem (wood and bark) volume as solid cubic meter from stump height to the top of a tree calculated as the sum of trees. Volume of an individual tree is obtained applying taper curve models and volume functions of Laasasenaho (1982). | |
| Stem volume of energy wood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Volume of stems incl. bark as solid cubic meter harvested for energy wood usage. | |
| Stem volume of roundwood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Volume of stems (incl. bark) as solid cubic meter harvested for saw logs or pulpwood. | |
| Stem volume of total drain: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Total stem volume as solid cubic meter incl. bark of 1) trees felled in commercial or non-commercial cuttings and hauled for the usage of saw log, pulp or energy or left on the ground to decompose and 2) trees dead due to the natural mortality and left on the ground to decompose. Natural mortality consists of a random factor (storms, insects etc.) and a self-thinning factor due to the overdensity (Hynynen et al. 2002). | |
| Stump and root biomass of cutting drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of stumps and roots of trees felled in commercial loggings and hauled for energy usage or left on the ground to decompose. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf stump and root biomass of living trees). | |
| Stump and root biomass of energy wood removal: (1000 t/y) | |
| Dry mass of stumps and roots lifted for energy wood usage. The dry masses of stumps are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models and the dry masses of roots over 5 cm with Marklund's (1988) models (cf biomass of stumps and roots of living trees). | |
| Stump and root biomass of living trees: (1000 t) | |
| Total dry mass of stumps and roots of living trees. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) treewise models in which the independent variables are tree species and diameter at breast height. | |
| Stump and root biomass of total drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| Total dry mass of 1) stumps and roots of trees felled in commercial or non-commercial cuttings and hauled for energy usage or left on the ground to decompose and 2) stumps and roots of trees dead due to the natural mortality and left on the ground to decompose. Natural mortality consists of a random factor (storms, insects etc.) and a self-thinning factor due to the overdensity (Hynynen et al. 2002). The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf. biomass of stumps and roots of living trees). | |
| Stump and root volume of energy wood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| Volume as solid cubic meter of stumps and roots lifted for energy wood usage. Solid cubic meter is calculated by transforming dry masses to volumes. | |
| Stumpage price value of growing stock: (million €) | |
| The total value of living trees calculated using corresponding stumpage prices for saw logs and pulpwood. | |
| Total biomass of cutting drain: (1000 t/y) | |
| The total dry mass of 1) stems, 2) branches and foliage and 3) stumps and roots felled in commercial loggings for saw logs, pulpwood or energy wood or left on the ground to decompose. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf biomasses of living trees). | |
| Total biomass of energy wood removal: (1000 t/y) | |
| The total dry mass of 1) stems, 2) branches and foliage and 3) stumps and roots harvested for energy wood usage. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models (cf biomasses of living trees). | |
| Total biomass of living trees: (1000 t) | |
| Total dry mass of living trees calculated as the sum of dry masses of 1) stem (wood and bark), 2) branches and foliage and 3) stumps and roots. The dry masses are calculated using Repola's (2008, 2009) models. | |
| Total volume of energy wood removal: (1000 m3/y) | |
| The total volume as solid cubic meter of 1) stems, 2) branches, foliage, 3) stumps and roots harvested for energy wood usage. The volumes, except the stem volume, are calculated by transforming dry masses to volumes. | |